How to write Sentences

1. A sentence is a group of words which is usually a grammatically complete statement.

Command		Keep left.
Question		Is James joining us for breakfast?
Statement		Smoking can damage your health.

2. In continuous prose writing, all normal sentences should begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop.

3. A normal sentence in English usually contains at least three elements: a subject, a verb, and an object.

Subject		Verb		Object
The cat		eats		the goldfish
My friend		is		tall
Some sheep		are		black

4.If you are in any doubt at all, follow this pattern. Sentences which go out of grammatical control often lack one of these elements, or they have them placed in a different order.

5. Short, clear, and simple sentences are usually more effective than those which are long and complex. Avoid piling up clause upon clause.

6. In the majority of cases, you should aim for clarity and simplicity in your written style. If in doubt, remember this rule: Keep it short. Keep it simple.

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7. Punctuate your work firmly, making a clear distinction in your writing between marks such as the comma, the semicolon, and the full stop.

8. You should avoid starting sentences with words such as 'Again', 'Although', 'But', 'And', 'Also', and 'With'. These words are conjunctions, which normally belong in the 'middle' of a sentence, not at its beginning. Sentences which begin with a conjunction are very often left grammatically incomplete.

9. Remember that speech and writing are two different forms of communication. Avoid the use of a casual or conversational style when writing. For instance, don't string together clauses which are grammatically unrelated. This is quite normal in speech, but it should be avoided in formal writing.

10. What follows is an example of a statement which has too many unrelated clauses, which goes on too long, and which eventually skids out of grammatical control.

Less smoking would undoubtedly lead to redundancies in the tobacco industry, a consequent rise in the number of unemployed, more people dependent upon State benefits to be supported by a government with subsequently reduced income.

11. The same arguments can be expressed far more clearly and effectively by splitting them up into two separate and shorter sentences. (Two minor changes have been made to enhance the sense.)

Less smoking would undoubtedly lead to redundancies in the tobacco industry and a consequent rise in the number of unemployed. More people would then become dependent upon State benefits, which would have to be paid out by a government with a reduced income.

12. Most problems in sentence construction are caused by two or three closely related factors:

• The sentence is often much too long.
• One clause is tagged on after another until grammatical control is lost.
• The sentence very often starts with its verb or object, rather than the subject.
• It might also start with a conjunction ('although', 'because').