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Ottoline Morrell
biographical notes
Ottoline Morrell features in the history of the Bloomsbury Group largely as a hostess and patron of the arts. From 1908 onwards, she entertained a wide circle of political and literary celebrities at her Thursday evening gatherings in Bedford Square, and at her country retreat at Garsington Manor in Oxfordshire.
She was born Ottoline Violet Anne Cavendish Bentinck in 1873, acquiring the title of
'Lady' when her half-brother inherited the duchy of Portland in 1879, and the
family moved into Welbeck Abbey in Nottinghamshire. Ottoline was a cousin of
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later to become queen to George VI. She was educated at home and at Somerville College, Oxford, where she studied politics and history.
She married Philip Morrell in 1902 and the marriage lasted for the rest of her
life, even though like many members of the Bloomsbury Group, their relationship was far from conventional. They had one child, a daughter, Julian. She had affairs with Bertrand Russell and the painter Augustus John, as well as with Aldous Huxley's wife, Maria Nijs.
Her husband became a Liberal MP (for Blackburn) following the general election in 1906. He was critical of the government's position on the First World War. They sheltered a number of conscientious objectors on their farm estate at Garsington near Oxford, including Duncan Grant, Clive Bell, and Mark Gertler. It was there that Siegfried Sassoon, recuperating after a period of sick leave, was encouraged to go absent without leave in a protest against the war.
Her friends and guests included Henry James, Lytton Strachey, Bertrand Russell, D.H.
Lawrence, Siegfried Sassoon, Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf, John Middleton Murry, and Aldous Huxley.
Not all of these guests were appreciative, and some of them made fun of her behind her back. There are satirical portraits of her as Hermione Roddice in in Lawrence's Women in Love (1916) and Aldous Huxley's Crome Yellow (1921). She was also the inspiration for Lady Caroline Bury in Graham Greene's It's a Battlefield, and for Lady Sybilline Quarrell in Alan Bennett's Forty Years On (1968).
The Bloomsbury Group
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