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Prepositions – how to understand them

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Definition

A preposition expresses a relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and some other part of the sentence.

It usually tells us where something is.

Examples

with out in
under over around

Use

A preposition is used with a noun or pronoun.

The child ran around the snowman.
Jack and Jill went up the hill.

However, the same words are adverbs in the following statements:

Let’s take a walk around.
My lucky number came up.
He came over to me.

They are adverbs because they tell us about the verb.

NB! Prepositions often tell us about position, so don’t underestimate them.

Prepositions are mainly used in English to form adverbial and adjectival phrases, as in the following:

Adverbial phrases
‘Marseilles is in France’
['in France' tells us where Marseilles is]
‘Hastings stands on the south coast of England’
['on the south coast of England' tells us where Hastings stands]
‘The grocer marvelled at the arrival of the boxes’
['at the arrival' tells us when the grocer marvelled]
‘She left the hall with a toss of her head’
['with a toss of her head' tells us the manner in which she left]

All the prepositions above are used adverbially to tell us more about the verb in each case.

The following are examples of adjectival phrases. In each case the preposition describes a noun:

Adjectival phrases

‘The first cable across the Atlantic was laid in 1838′
['across the Atlantic' describes the cable]

‘I love the sound of the sea’
['of the sea' describes the sound]

‘I believe that the man in the moon exists’
['in the moon' describes the man]

‘We all enjoyed the cheese on toast that our mother gave us’
['on toast' describes the cheese]

Prepositions are usually used, as in the two sets of examples above, with a noun or a pronoun.

Examples of nouns from the sentences given above are ‘the arrival’, ‘a toss’, ‘ the moon’ and ‘toast’.

Prepositions can also be used as adverbs without an accompanying noun or pronoun.

Come in Turn round Go up
Jump off Look around Go under

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